Thanjavur

Thanjavur was at its height of glory during the rule of Cholas, especially during the rule of the first Rajaraja Cholan, who had built the Brihadeeswara Temple for Lord Siva. When his son Rajendra Cholan shifted the capital from Thanjavur to Gangaikandacholapuram, the attention and focus shifted from Thanjavur.

When the rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire focused attention on Thanjavur, gaining the limelight once again. Vijayanagar Kings captured the reign of Thanjavur in the 14th Century AD. Sevvappa Nayak (AD 1549-1572), a Viceroy of the Vijayanagar Empire assumed an independent charge and founded the dynasty of the Thanjavur Nayaks. He built a new fort known as Sivaganga Fort - named after him – encompassing the Brihadeeswara Temple. Thanjavur remained the capital of the Nayaks for the next one hundred and twenty-five years till the reign of Vijayaraghava - the last prince in the line.

Marathas’ of Thanjavur

While Nayaks the rulers of Thanjavur were loyal to Vijayanagar kingdom, Nayaks of Madurai (Alagiri) wanted to capture the power of Thanjavur and was successful in overthrowing the then Ruler, Vijayaraghavan of Thanjavur Nayaks. A son of Vijayaraghavan induced the Bijapur Sultan to help him get back the Thanjavur throne. In 1675, the Sultan of Bijapur sent a force commanded by the Maratha general Venkoji (alias Ekoji and half-brother of Sivaji) to recapture the kingdom from the new invader. Venkoji defeated Alagiri, and occupied Thanjavur. He did not, however, place his protégé on the throne as instructed by the Bijapur Sultan, but seized the kingdom and made himself the king. Thus began the rule of the Marathas over Thanjavur.

Sivaji and Samarth Ramadas

When the Maratha rule was established at Thanjavur by Venkoji, Chhatrapati Shivaji requested Samarth Ramadas go over to Thanjavur to guide Venkoji. It is well known that Chhatrapati Shivaji had accepted Samarth Ramadas as his guru and guide. At the request of Shivaji, Samarth Ramadas had come to Thanjavur. During that visit, he had undertaken a pilgrimage to Rameswaram also. Samarth Ramadas is an ardent devotee of Sri Rama. He is considered as a rebirth of Lord Hanuman. He had meditated upon Sri Rama for many days. The tradition says that Lord Panduranga Vittal Himself appeared before Ramadas, took him for the visit to Pandharpur, and gave him darshan as Sri Rama.

Samarth Ramadas teaching

He gave the ‘thryodhashari Mantra’ ‘Sri Ram Jaya Ram Jaya Jaya Ram’. Ramadas sent his disciples to all parts of India to spread the value of Sanatana Dharma. His disciples and Mutts in the North directly or indirectly helped Shivaji and his work to reestablish the rule of Sanatana Dharma. His word of advice was: ‘Do not think much of your bodily wants. Have Satsangh with devotees. Keep the image of Lord Rama in your heart. Repeat the name of Lord Rama always. Annihilate lust, greed, anger, hatred and egoism. See Lord Rama in all creatures. Love all. Feel His presence everywhere. Live for Him alone. Serve Him in all beings. Make total and unreserved surrender unto Him. You will always live in Him alone. You will attain immortality and eternal bliss’.

Kindly see more on “Samarth Ramadas” under Hanumath devotee column of our site.

Samarth Ramadas and Thanjavur

Ramdas's organisation had spread to the South with Maratha rule having been established with Thanjavur as capital. Samarth on his holy pilgrimage to Rameswaram had established three major centers in and around Thanjavur to propagate Sri Rama bakthi. The first one was with Sri Bhikkji Bava [Shahapurkar] known as Bhimaraja Goswami as Mahant at Thanjavur. The second one is with Sri Anantha Mouni as Mahant at Mannargudi, and the third one is with Sri Raghava Swami as Mahant at Koonur near Punnainallur Mariyamman Koil.

Mannargudi Samarth mutt

Mannargudi is a town in Thiruvarur district, near Thanjavur. It is known for the Rajagopalaswamy temple, a prominent Vaishnavite shrine. Sri Samarth Ramadas established his mutt there, with Sri Anantha Mouni Swami as chief Mahanth . Sri Venkoji, king of Thanjavur, donated land for this establishment.

Mannargudi mutt guru parampara

Sri Anantha Mouli Swami propagated Sri Rama bhakti as per the tradition established by Samarth Ramadas with Mannargudi as its headquarters. He had two disciples, Sri Meru Swami and Sri Meghashyama Swami. Sri Meru Swami had two disciples, Syamaraja Swami and Setu Swami. After Sri Anantha Mouli Swami’s mukthi in 1693, Sri Meru Swami took over as the chief Mahant.

Sri Meru Swami’s dedication to learning the philosophy of Sri Samarth from his guru, Sri Anantha Mouli, made him one of the greatest to have expounded the work and philosophy of Sri Samarth. His contribution to this and the literary work he left behind for generations to come is a testimony to the greatness of his scholarliness.

After him, Sri Meghashyama Swami and then Sri Setu Swami headed the Kendra of Mannargudi propagating Sri Rama Bhakti. Even today the disciples of Sri Meru Swami are propagating Sri Rama Bakthi as per the tradition established by Sri Samarth.

Mannargudi Samarth Ramadas kendra

Sri Samarth Ramadas Kendra was founded at Mannargudi with Sri Anantha Mouli as an abbot [the Mahanth ]. Sri Ramaswami temple was also established at the mutt. This Kendra looked after the great temple tank known as ‘Haridra Nadhi’ and many temples around this tank.

In the Kendra premises, Sri Samarth himself had established a moortham of Sri Maruti and did prana pratishta [consecration]. The moortham of Sri Maruti was smeared with ‘ Senduram ’ [vermilion]. The Maruti was named ‘Sri Prathapaveera Maruti’. This was during the year 1677.

Sri Ramaswamy Sentura Anjaneya Temple

Sri Samarth Sampradaya Sri Meru Swamy Mutt is presently known as Sri Ramaswamy Sentura Anjaneya Temple in Mannargudi and is located on Tirumanjana Veedhi towards the East. The temple is seen with walls on all four sides. The temple has an outer courtyard. First, we see Mukha mandapam and on the northern side of it, there is a wooden hall. There one can see the picture of Sri Rama Pattabhisheka and other deities. On the opposite side, there is an entrance gate. Through that one can enter main mandapam; stands Senthura Anjaneya facing north.

In the Artha mandapam, two sets of Sri Seetharama Panchayatna Murthis are enthroned. Close to it is the Panchaloka Vigraham of Sri Dasa Maruti facing the east. Next to this is the Garbhagraha. Idols of Sri Seetharama Panchayatna Murthy made of black stones are seen in the Garbhagraha.

Sentura Anjaneya

The 'murtham' of Sri Anjaneya is about six feet in height and smeared with ‘Senduram’ [vermilion]. The idol is seen in a standing posture and looking straight towards the devotee.

In Lord’s both lotus feet ‘thandai’ is seen. There is a decorative chain near the knee adorning His right lotus feet. While a demon is seen trapped under the Lord’s left lotus feet His right lotus feet are seen firm on the ground. Lord is wearing a loincloth and girdle made of a triple string of muJja-grass. His bracelet adorning right hand is raised and is showing ‘abhaya mudra’, and is showering blessings on His devotees. His bracelet adorning his left hand is seen resting on His bosom. Decorative ornament is seen on His bosom. His long raised tail goes above His head and ends near His left shoulder with a small turn. A Small bell is also seen at the end of the tail. The Lord is wearing kundalam [ear-studs] which are touching His shoulders. Neatly combed ‘ sheka’ tied in a knot could be seen on the top of the head.

The distinctiveness of the Lord is He is smeared with vermilion and He faces the devotees directly with both eyes. His bright eyes are radiating benevolence on the devotee. It is rare to find Sri Maruti with ‘vermilion’ in the south of India.

 

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THINKS AHEAD AND ACTS FOR SURE

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Ed [July 2022]
Updates: [28.08.22, Jan 2025]
* author is a Modi language expert and translator based in Thanjavur
working for Saraswathi Mahal library

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